Sound Analysis

Diegetic sound and non diegetic sound- Diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film: voices of characters. sounds made by objects in the story.
Another word for Diegetic sound is actual sound, and another term for non-diegetic sound is commentary sound. Diegetic and non diegetic sounds are usually used for horror or comedy. 

Synchronous sound and Asynchronous sound- Synchronous sounds are those sounds which are synchronized or matched with what is viewed. For example: If the film portrays a character playing the piano, the sounds of the piano are projected. Asynchronous sound effects are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen. Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film.

asynchronous sound-

synchronous sound- 

Sound effects- a sound other than speech or music made artificially for use in a play, film, or other broadcast production. Sound effects are used in many ways such as to create suspense, and dramatic effect. 

Sound motif- A sound effect or combination of sound effects that are associated with a particular character, setting, situation or idea through the film. The use of sound motifs can help shape a story that requires many characters and many locations and help unify the film and sustain its narrative and thematic development

1. Sound bridges-  are one of the most common transitions in the continuity editing style, one that stresses the connection between both scenes since their mood (suggested by the music) is still the same.

   
   

   Dialogue- a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or film.

   Voiceover- a piece of narration in a film or broadcast, not accompanied by an image of the speaker.

   
   

   
   

   
   

   Mode of address/direct address- means how the text speaks to the audience, and involves them.
   

   
   

   Sound mixing- audio mixing or mixdown is the process by which multiple recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels, for instance 2-channel stereo

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   Sound perspective- Sound perspective refers to the apparent distance of a sound

   
   

   
   

   
   

   Sound tracks- music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture

   
   

   Score- the music composed for a film or play
   
   Incidental music- music used in a film or play as a background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere 
   
   

   
   
   Themes and stings- A sting is a short musical phrase, primarily used in broadcasting and films as a form of punctuation. a prominent or frequently recurring melody or group of notes in a composition.
   
   

   
   
   Ambient sound- ambient sound is the same as background noise. It is any noise that isn't the sound that is being monitored. 
   
   

   
   

Composition

Framing- framing is the way that physical elements in an image are presented. Framing is used because it can make the shot more aesthetically pleasing and manipulate the viewers focus on the framed objects.

Rule of thirds- rule of thirds is a photography technique in which image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines. Rule of thirds is used to make photos more interesting and dynamic.

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Depth of field (deep and shallow focus)-  is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image.

 In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus.

This is used to make the audience focus on one particular part of the shot and to make the shot more interesting.

Focus pulls- changing the lens’s focus distance setting in correspondence to a moving subject’s physical distance from the focal plane. Focus pulling is used to ensure that focus is maintained even if the subject is moving.

Angles and Movement

Angles:

High angle- 

1. In film, a high angle shot is usually when the camera angle is located above the eyeline. With this type of angle, the camera looks down on the subject and the point of focus often get "swallowed up" by the setting.

   
   

   
   Canted angle -

   
    A camera angle which is deliberately slanted to one side, sometimes used for dramatic effect to help portray unease, disorientation, frantic or desperate action, intoxication, madness.

   
   

   
   

   Low angle -

   
   "Low Angle" is the name for this kind of shot, because the camera islow. It's useful because it can make people look powerful.

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   Movement:

   
   

   Pan-  to photograph or televise while rotating a camera on its vertical or horizontal axis in order to keep a moving person or object in view or allow the film to record a panorama

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   Tilt- Moving the cameras lens up or down while keeping its horizontal axis constant

   
   

   
   
   Track- In motion picture terminology, the term tracking shot may refer to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly, a wheeled platform that is pushed on rails while the picture is being taken

   
   

   
   Dolly- is a specialised piece of filmmaking and television production equipment designed to create smooth camera movements
   
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovBn7ERdrcM
   
   
    Crane shot-  a shot taken by a camera on a crane. The most obvious uses are to view the actors from above or to move up and away from them, a common way of ending a movie
   
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMeP0aWbLRU
   
   
   Steadicam- a lightweight mounting for a film camera which keeps it steady for filming when handheld or moving
   
   
   

   
   Handheld - The technique of shooting a scene without the use of an artificial mechanism for camera support; holding a camera by hand or with a harness when shooting
   
   *add clip*
   
   Zooming -involves changing the focal length of the lens to make the subject appear closer or further away in the frame.
   
   
   

   
   
   Reverse zoom - Also called reverse angle. Happens when a shot is taken at a 120-180 degree angle from the preceding shot, thus showing the reverse of what was previously on screen
   
   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oAqs2X3nsE
   
   
   

editing and representation

What is meant by transition of image and sound?

The transition of image is the movement from one scene to another.
*find transition of sound definition*

Explain in your own words, why editing is so important.
Editing is one of the most important elements of film production, It extracts any unneeded footage from the film and helps the flow from scene to scene, audio can also be edited and improved. Editing is important as it turns a rough film into the film that the creator intended it to be.

Shot/reverse shot-  a shot is the continuous footage or sequence between two edits or cuts

Eyeline match- the audience sees what the character on screen is seeing 

Graphic match-  is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match

Action match- one shot cuts to another shot portraying the action of the subject in the first shot

Jump cut-  an abrupt transition from one scene to another

crosscutting- a technique especially in film making of interweaving bits of two or more separate scenes

Parallel editing- alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations

Cutaway- a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

Insert- Shot of some small but significant detail in a scene shot during postproduction on an insert stage or picked up on the set

Dissolve- image that fades out of or into focus

Cut- a single unbroken strip of film





Fade-in, Fade-out-  The terms fade-out and fade-in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image.

Wipe- A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape

Superimposition- When two different shots are printed onto the same strip of film.

Long take, short take- A long take or oner is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. a shot of film or video that has a brief duration on screen; usually less than 3 seconds; see Long take and Footage descriptions.

Slow motion- the process or technique of filming or taping a motion-picture or television sequence at an accelerated rate of speed and then projecting or replaying it at normal speed so that the action appears to be slowed down

                                     



Ellipsis & expansion of time- in cinematography, an ellipses of time is simply an elongated scene. Although, it's rarely used as it has the bore factor

Post production -This refers to all the editing work that goes in to the motion picture/ tv show, AFTER the production has been filmed.

Visual effects- Also known as VFX, this is manipulation of the original visual in order to create an engineered image. can be made on editing software after the actual shot has been taken. Best example is transformers

Camera Task

An extreme long shot is a view from an even greater distance, in which people appear as small dots in the landscape if at all (eg. a shot of New York's skyline)

    A close-up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object

In film, a medium shot is a camera angle shot from a medium distance.

A wide shot is used in a video or film recording made with the camera positioned to observe the most action in the performance

A two shot is a medium shot that depicts two people in the frame. Used primarily when you want to establish links between characters or people who are beside rather than facing each other.

Aerial shots are usually done with a crane or with a camera attached to a special helicopter to view large landscapes. This sort of shot would be restricted to exterior locations. A good area to do this shot would be a scene that takes place on a building

A point of view shot  is a short film scene that shows what a character  is looking at 

In film or video, an over the shoulder shot is a shot of someone or something taken from the perspective or camera angle from the shoulder of another person